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The addition of a significant amount of nickel to stainless steel is aimed at achieving a single austenite structure. When chromium and nickel are combined, they form chromium-nickel stainless steel, which enhances corrosion resistance and processability. This type of stainless steel exhibits strong plasticity and toughness at both room temperature and low temperature. It is non-magnetic and possesses good corrosion resistance.
Chromium plays a crucial role in the corrosion resistance of stainless steel. Its presence in the steel enables passivation in oxidizing environments. Chromium is the primary element that determines the corrosion resistance of stainless steel. It forms a very thin film on the surface, with chromium being enriched within this film. The higher the chromium content in the steel, the greater its corrosion resistance. Additionally, chromium effectively enhances the mechanical and processing properties of the steel.
The influence of nickel on stainless steel is fully realized in combination with chromium. Nickel acts as an alloying element that forms austenite, transforming the metallographic structure from single-phase ferrite to a dual-phase structure of austenite and ferrite. Through heat treatment, the strength can be improved, resulting in enhanced rust resistance and good deformation performance.
The presence of three impurities significantly affects the performance after annealing, particularly when the carbon content ranges between 0.1% and 0.3%. Carbon precipitates in a graphite state at the lattice interface, disrupting the bonding force between grains and significantly reducing the strength and plasticity of nickel. This makes processing deformation difficult and can lead to the formation of a series of carbides. The higher the carbon content in the steel, the stronger the affinity between carbon and chromium, resulting in the formation of more chromium carbides. This lowers the chromium content in the solid solution and diminishes the corrosion resistance of the steel.
